Air pollution is not just an environmental issue—it is deeply intertwined with social factors. Yet, air quality policy remains largely focused on achieving specific outdoor pollution and emissions targets, often overlooking the broader social context in which these challenges exist. This report seeks to bridge that gap by examining disparities in emissions, pollution concentrations, and exposure. Building on recent discussions, including those led by the London Mayor and the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) report last December, this analysis offers a timely contribution from AQEG (Air Quality Expert Group).

As well as synthesising the evidence, recommendations are made to broaden the way we think about and assess the problem, supporting more effective and optimised action on both indoor and outdoor air pollution.

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